Building construction



BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed May 17, 1944 9 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR CHARLES H She/rs SMQ'ZL a ATTO R N EYS Dec.f1,1945. c. H. SACKS v 2,390,179

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed May l7, 1944 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR CHARLES H- SACKS Sd mw M ATTO R N EYS Dec. 4, 1945. c. H, SACKS 2,390,179

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed May 17, 1944 9 Sheets-Sheet 3 M unn nu uuu u Z0 UUUUUEIEIUU 0 mu unn an M uuiu u,

INVENTOR CHARLES H. SAc/(s BY Shawna! 44 ATTORNEYS Dec. 4, 1945.

c. H. sAcKs BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 9 Shee ts-Sheet 4 Filed May 17, 1944 if 72 30' i;

INVENTOR CHARL ES H. 94 cm BY $911M Md ATTORNEYS C. H. SACKS BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Dec. 4, 1945.

Filed May 17, 1944 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR CHARLES h- SAC/(S SQQM LLJ ATTO RN EYJ BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed May 17, 1944 9 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR CHARLES H. SACKS ATTORNEYS Dec. 4, 1945. c. H. sAcKs 2,390,179

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed May 17, 1944 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 INVEN TOR 0-1421. h. Sncxs S M 6-44. a ATTORNEYS Dec. 4, 1945; c. H. SACKS 2,390,179

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed ma 17 1944 v 9 Shets-Sheet a INVENTOR CHARLES H, SACKS uww mwm ATTORNEYS BUILDING ('IONSTRUCTION Filed May 17, 1944 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 Ticlllj- INVENTOR CHARLES H. SACKS S'MZLd ATTORNEYS the adjacent units.

Patented Dec. 4, 1945 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE-" BUILDING CONSTRUCTION v a Charles H. Sacks, Brooklyn, N. Y. 4 I

Application May 17, 1944, Serial No. 536,015.-

11 Claims.

My invention relates generally to building constructions, and specifically to building constructions of the multiple-dwelling type. More particularly, my invention relates to multiple-dwelling buildings wherein the rooms of the individumy application Serial No. 472,786, filed January 18,1943.

In the following description of illustrative embodiments of my invention, I will use the term duplex to indicate a unit of two or more stories or levels, one above the other.

In conventional multiple-dwelling building eon- Y structions, the rooms of any one apartment unit are all disposed on a single level or story. While some multiple-dwelling buildings may, and usually do, have apartment units with a different number of rooms or room arrangements, these different units are arranged with the bedroom, living room, kitchen of one apartment, all on one level, directly over or directly under the bedroom, living room and kitchen, respectively, of the apartments on the storyabove and below. Building constructions containing duplex units uniformly have these arranged directly above one another, with the bedrooms, living rooms, etc, of one duplex arranged above each other, but on alternate stories or levels. As an example of this latter type of building construction, see the Tullgren Patent No. 1,896,734, granted February 7, 1933.

Duplex apartments, as a rule, afford more privacy and provide more freedom from noises emanating from adjoining apartments than is secured in ordinary multiple-dwelling building constructions. However, duplex construction proposed heretofore have uniformly failed to realize on the potentialities inherent in duplex construction as opposed to single-story arrangements, and

fail to thoroughly isolate each duplex unit from the others as completely as possible. In 'I'ullgren, for instance, the living room level of one series of units is directly below or directly above the sleeping rooms level of the series of units above and below, and the living room levels alternate with sleeping room levels. Unless completely and expensively sound insulated, such proximity permits the noises and, particularly the impact noises, from one unit to annoyingly penetrate through to The main object of my invention, therefore, is the provision of a duplex type of multiple-dwelling building construction within which the .floor or level arrangements are reversed in one series of duplex apartments from the floor or level arrangements of the series of duplex apartment units immediately above or immediately below.

A further object of my invention is the provision of a building construction of the duplextype in which the floor arrangements of any one series of units are disposed in reverse level relationship to the floor arrangements of the series of units directly above orbelow. g

A further object of my invention is the Provision of a building construction of the duplex typein which the living roomsare onone story or level of the unit and the bedrooms are on another story or level of the unit, and the arrangements of livunits and duplex units, andthe level arrange ments are reversed in successive duplex units.

Other and further. objects of my invention will be obvious and stillothers pointed out in the fol- I Figs. 4 and 5;

lowing description of an illustrative embodiment. In the drawings annexed hereto, forming apart hereof, in which similar elements will be similarly numbered: v

Figure 1 is a roof plan view of a portion of one form of building constructed according toand embodying my invention; u

Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the line 2--2 of Fig. 3 is a vertical Figs.4and5;

Fig. 4 is a floor plan and fifth story levels; I

Fig. 5 is a floor plan section of the second, third and sixth story levels:

Fig. 6 is a vertical section on the lines 66 of Figs. 7 and 8, of a modified form of building also constructed according to and embodying my invention;

section onthe line 3 40f section of the first, iourth Fig. '7 is a floor plan view of the first and fourth story levelsof the building shown 'inFi'g. 6; 1

Fig. 8 is a floor plan view of the second and third story levels of the building shown in Fig. 6;

Fig. 9 is a vertical section through a further modified form of building also constructed according to and embodying my invention; and

Fig. 10 is a view similar to Fig. 3 of this further-modification.

In the modification of Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive, I have embodied my invention in a, building of six stories 'or levels, numbered l,2,3, 4, 5 and 8 from the bottom'upwards, having threestories of twostoried or duplex units. My invention is equally and obviously applicable to a four-, eigbt-, tenor .more-storied building, to buildings in which the units occupy three stories each, and to buildings which contain single-story units as .well as duplex units.

In the form of my invention illustrated in Figures 1 to 5, the building is indicated by reference .numeral II). In a six-level or story building as illustrated, three series of duplex apartments or unltsare sh0wn, each series occupying two levels, but it is obvious that more duplex units may be provided in a,ten-.,twelve-, or more-storied buildting, equally in accordance with my invention.

The portion illustrated is generally U-shaped, having abase I2 and wings l4, l4 at r'ightangles thereto. .1 provide three apartment units in each wind I4 and four in base I2, although, as desired, more or less may be formed in the wings .and base, depending on the .number and size of the rooms; and, of course, within the scope of my invention the .shape of the building may be changedother wings added, etc., as .desiredLor as convenient foranyparticularsite.

Referring to Fig. ,4, which is a floor plan on the first, fourth and fifth levels of the six-story building shown, access from the outside building .I! may be provided through doors [8. I8 at the rear of the court I8, between the wings and base. Doors I3, .IB open into public hallway 20, which extends-around the building. .All the apartment units may openonto hallway through doors 22, 22. The apartments on this level are indicated by the letters A, .B, C, andso .on. The elevator shaft extending from the basement to the .fifth door, is indicated by reference numeral 24. The stairs, from the basement to level .6, are indibated by'referencenumeral 28.

It will .be understood. .of course, that my invention may .equally well ,be incorporated in a duplex apartment building wherein the entire .length and breadth thereof isioccupied by a singlue-apartment, so that, as illustrated in Figs. ,6, '7 .and.8, building I.I0 of only four stories .or levels, .IOI, I02, 103 and I04, .willmake up only two complete duplex units for the entire building. In this form of my invention,.there is no need for a hall way-as 20.

Referring back to the modification of Figs. 1 .to 5,, inclusive, the firstseriesof units are made up of rooms on stories I and 2. On the first floor level *I, as shown in Fig. 4, unit A provides the living quarters comprising a living room 30, a din- :ing alcove 32 and a-kitchen 33. A small :wash room or lavatory 35 is also provided onthis level. The foyer 34, off theentrance 22, has a flight of steps 38 leading upwards and in communication with the .rooms on the secondstory level (see Fig. .5). ,on thissecond-stort level are the sleeping rooms'of'unit Acomprisinga large bedroom .38, a second and smaller bedroom 40, and a toilet or lutthroom 42. I have designated the living rooms of all the other units by numeral 30, the dining alcoves by reference numeral 32, the kitchens by reference numeral 33, the foyers by reference numeral 34, the small lavatories by reference numeral 35, the stairs by reference numeral 38, the bedrooms by reference numerals 38, 40 and the bathrooms by reference numeral 42. It will, of course, be understood that these floor arrangements may be varied within wide limits.

Thus. the duplex apartment units occupying stories I and 2 have the living quarters on story orlevel I, and the sleeping quarters on story or level 2. There is no normal communication between the several units on story 2, and the stairs 25, which open onto levels I, 4 and 5, are closed offron levels 2, 3, and 6, as indicated at 50. Secondary means may be provided, such -as fire escapes (not shown) or fire tower emergency stairs 5I which extend the full height of the building and open onto balconies 52, 52.

The succeeding series of duplex apartments occupy stories 3 and 4. In this series, the sleeping quarters-comprising rooms 38,40 and 42 are on story or level 3, immediately over the sleeping quarters of the series of duplex apartments on levels I and '2. The living quarters comprising rooms '30, 32, 34-and 35 of the second-seriesof units are on level 4, and are thus removed from thesleeping rooms of the unit below'on floor 2 by level or floor 3.

Accordingto my invention-therefore, the bedrooms or sleeping quarters of the first series of apartments are on level '2, above the living-room floor. The living rooms of the second series 'or apartments are on level 4, spaced by at-least'one story from the bedrooms of the first andthird series of apartments. The living rooms of the third seriesof units are on level 5, over the living rooms on level 4, so that this living room level 5 is spaced away-from the sleeping rooms of the units on levels 3 and 4 {by at least one level or story. However high-'the'buildings ofmyinventionmay be constructedthelivingrooms of any one series of apartment units are always'at least one story removed from the sleeping rooms of the units above and below.

As result of my invention, therefore, levels (as 2, 3 and 6) having thereonthe sleeping quarters are effectively insulated from noises emanating from the living rooms of the apartment units above and below. This is due to the reversal of the room arrangement in successive apartment units; and to the interposition of atleast one story or level between the living rooms of one unit and the sleeping rooms of the units above and below.

As will be seen in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, I may provide a roof garden 60 atop each of the topmost apartment units, access thereto being provided via stairs 62 from each unit of the topmost series. Stairs 26 lead to the roof level R, and a passageway G4is provided common toall of the gardens 60. Shelters as 68 are provided over stair-s62 to protect them against the elements. Shield 80 covers the stairs 26 which lead up onto thereof.

As pointed out above, the elevator shaft 24 need not extend all the W y up to and above the roof level. I have thus been able to eliminate the expense and space of extending the elevator shaft as high as is ordinarily necessary because the topmost level on whichis provided a public hallway communicating with allthe units, is provided on level 5.

In the modification ,of Figs. 6, 7 and 8, inclusive, the buildin IIO has fourstoriesor levels, IIlI, I02, I03, I04, in vertical superposition.

The building is entered from the street through door II2, opening into a stair well II4 extending to the roof H6. Levels I01 and I02 make up one duplex apartment and levels I03 and I04 make up the other duplex apartment in the building.

The living rooms of the lowermost apartment are on level IOI (see Fig. '7), comprising a living room I30, kitchen I33 and lavatory I35. The foyer I34, outside entrance door I22, opens onto stairwell I44. It will be noted that stairwell II4 opens only to but one level of each duplex apartment: onto level IOI of the lower apartment, and onto level I04 of the upper apartment. Access to level I02 within the lower apartment is provided by stairs I35 within the apartment between levels IOI and I02. On the bedroom floor I02 of the lower unit, I may provide a large bedroom I38, a smaller bedroom I40, and a toilet or bathroom I42. The room arrangement on level I03 is the same as on level I02, and Fig. 8 represents both levels I02 and I03, and the room arrangement on level I04 is the same as on level I I, Fig. '7 representing both levels IOI and I04.

It will thus be seen that in this arrangement also the successive apartment units in the tier have been reversed, so that the bedroom of one apartment unit is in immediate proximity to the bedroom of the adjacent unit. As will be obvious, my invention applied to a sixor eightor tenor more-storied building, would also bring the living rooms into immediate proximity, and in each interior unit, the bedroom would be adjacent the bedroom of the unit above (or below), and the living rooms would be adjacent the living rooms of the unit below (or above).

In the form of invention of Figs. 9 and 10, I have combined single-story or level units with duplex units, retaining in the duplex units the successive reversal arrangements of my other forms. Thus stories 20I and 202 make up one duplex unit, with the living rooms on story 202 and the bedrooms on story 20I. The next two stories 203 and 204 also make up duplex units, but the arrangement is reversed, the living rooms being on the lower story 203 and the sleeping rooms on story 204. I then provide a number of stories 205 and 206 having apartment units containing both living and bedrooms on the same story or level. Further, in this combination form of building, I may provide additional duplex units on floors 201, 208, 209 and 2I0, in both sets of duplexes, the arrangement is such that the living rooms of one duplex unit are spaced from the bedrooms of the adjacent duplex unit by an intermediate story or level, thereby. reducing and minimizing the effects of sounds emanating from the living rooms of the adjacent duplexes.

Having now described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a multi-storied building construction, a

plurality of vertically superposed apartment units, each unit occupying at least two stories, the living rooms being contained on one story and the sleeping quarters being contained on another story making up the unit, the story containing the sleeping quarters of one unit being spaced away from the stories of the units above and below containing the living rooms by at least one intervening story.

2. In a multi-storied building construction, a plurality of vertically superposed apartment units, each unit occupying at least two stories, the living rooms being contained on one story and the sleeping quarters being contained on another story making up the unit, the arrangement of the stories in each unit being reversed with respect to the adjacent units above and below.

3. In a multi-storied building construction, a plurality of vertically superposed apartment units, each unit occupying at least two stories, the living rooms being-contained on one story and the sleeping quarters being contained on another story making up the unit, the arrangement of the stories in each unit being reversed in successive superposed units, bringing the bedrooms of one unit into proximity with the bedrooms of the immediately adjacent unit.

fl. A multi-storied building construction, as in claim 3, in which the living room story of one unit is in proximity with the living room story of the immediately adjacent unit.

5. In a multi-storied building construction, a plurality of vertically superposed apartment units, certain of which units occupy at least two stories and are in proximity to other units which occupy at least two stories, the two-story units having the living rooms on one story and the bedrooms on the other story thereof, the arrangement of the stories in each two-story unit being reversed with respect to the arrangement of the stories in the adjacent two-story unit.

6. A multi-storied building construction as in claim 5, in which the living room story of one two-story unit is in proximity to the living room story of the adjacent two-story unit.

7. A multi-storied building construction as in claim 5, in which the bedroom story of one twostory unit is in proximity to the bedroom story of the adjacent two-story unit.

8. A multi-storied building construction as in claim 5, in which the bedroom story of one twostory unit is spaced away from the living room story of the adjacent two-story unit by at least one intervening story.

9. In a multi-storied building construction, a plurality of series of apartment units above one another, each series occupying at least two levels and having a public hallway on one level, said public hallway communicating with each unit in the series, the adjacent series of units also having a public hallway on one level thereof, the public hallway of any one series of units being separated from the other level of the adjacent series by at least one intervening level.

10. In a multi-storied building construction, a plurality of series of apartment units above one another, each series occupying at least twolevels and having a public hallway on one of the levels, said public hallway communicating with each unit in the series, the adjacent series of units also having a public hallway on one level thereof, the public hallway of any one series of units being separated from the other level of the adjacent series by at least one intervening level, the level arrangements of succeeding units being reversed with respect to one another.

11. In a multi-storied building construction, a plurality of series of apartment units above one another, each series occupying at least two levels, the units on one of the levels thereof having a communication therebetween, and on another of the levels thereof being normally independent of each other, the level arrangements of succeeding series of units being reversed with respect to the series above and below.

CHARLES H. SACKS. 

